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Socket (TCP & UDP) communication in Java

Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**:    - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port.    - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client.    - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer {     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {         ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);         System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");         Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();   ...
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Reading character arrays and integer arrays in Java

To read character arrays and integer arrays in Java, you can use the `Scanner` class or the `BufferedReader` class. Here's how to do it using each approach:

1. Using Scanner class:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);


        // Reading a character array

        System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

        String str = scanner.nextLine();

        char[] charArray = str.toCharArray();


        // Reading an integer array

        System.out.print("Enter the size of the integer array: ");

        int size = scanner.nextInt();

        int[] intArray = new int[size];

        System.out.println("Enter " + size + " integers separated by spaces:");

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

            intArray[i] = scanner.nextInt();

        }


        // Displaying the character array

        System.out.print("Character array: ");

        for (char ch : charArray) {

            System.out.print(ch + " ");

        }

        System.out.println();


        // Displaying the integer array

        System.out.print("Integer array: ");

        for (int num : intArray) {

            System.out.print(num + " ");

        }


        scanner.close();

    }

}



2. Using BufferedReader class:

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;


public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));


        try {

            // Reading a character array

            System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

            String str = reader.readLine();

            char[] charArray = str.toCharArray();


            // Reading an integer array

            System.out.print("Enter the size of the integer array: ");

            int size = Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine());

            int[] intArray = new int[size];

            System.out.println("Enter " + size + " integers separated by spaces:");

            String[] tokens = reader.readLine().split(" ");

            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

                intArray[i] = Integer.parseInt(tokens[i]);

            }


            // Displaying the character array

            System.out.print("Character array: ");

            for (char ch : charArray) {

                System.out.print(ch + " ");

            }

            System.out.println();


            // Displaying the integer array

            System.out.print("Integer array: ");

            for (int num : intArray) {

                System.out.print(num + " ");

            }


            reader.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            System.out.println("Error reading input: " + e.getMessage());

        }

    }

}

Both approaches allow you to read character arrays and integer arrays from the standard input and display them to the user. The Scanner class provides a simpler and more convenient way to read input, while the BufferedReader class offers more flexibility and control over input handling.

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