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Socket (TCP & UDP) communication in Java

Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**:    - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port.    - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client.    - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer {     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {         ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);         System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");         Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();         System.out.println("Client connected.");         BufferedReader in = new Bu
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Object Life Time

 In Java, the lifetime of an object refers to the duration during which the object exists in memory before it is eligible for garbage collection. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) automatically manages memory allocation and deallocation for objects through a process called garbage collection.

Here's a brief overview of the different stages in the lifetime of an object in Java:

1. Creation: The object is created using the `new` keyword or through other means such as object cloning or deserialization. Memory is allocated for the object on the heap.


2. Initialization: The object's fields are initialized either with default values (for instance variables) or with user-defined values (through constructors or initialization blocks).


3. Usage: The object is used by the program, and its methods and fields are accessed or modified as needed.


4. Scope: The object remains in scope as long as there are references to it. If the object is assigned to a variable or passed as an argument to a method, it remains in scope until those references are removed or go out of scope.


5. Eligibility for Garbage Collection: Once there are no more references to the object (i.e., it becomes unreachable), it becomes eligible for garbage collection. The JVM periodically runs a garbage collector to reclaim memory occupied by unreachable objects.


6. Finalization: Before an object is reclaimed by the garbage collector, the `finalize()` method (if overridden) is invoked to perform any necessary cleanup or resource release operations.


7. Garbage Collection: The garbage collector identifies and reclaims memory occupied by unreachable objects, freeing up resources for future allocations. The reclaimed memory is then made available for new object allocations.

It's important to note that while Java provides automatic garbage collection, developers should still be mindful of object lifecycle management to avoid memory leaks and excessive memory usage. This includes properly releasing resources, avoiding unnecessary object creation, and minimizing the scope and lifetime of objects where possible.

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