Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**: - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port. - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client. - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345); System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client..."); Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); ...
Java follows a set of naming conventions to ensure consistency and readability in code. These conventions are not enforced by the compiler, but they are widely adopted by the Java community. Adhering to these conventions makes it easier for developers to understand and maintain code. Here are some key Java naming conventions:
Package Names:
- Package names are written in lowercase.
- Use a reverse domain name to prevent naming conflicts. For example, com.example.myapp.
Class and Interface Names:
- Start with an uppercase letter.
- Use nouns or noun phrases.
- If the name contains multiple words, use CamelCase (capitalize the first letter of each word without spaces).
class MyClass {
// Class members
}
Method Names:
- Start with a lowercase letter.
- Use verbs or verb phrases.
- If the name contains multiple words, use CamelCase.
void myMethod() {
// Method body
}
Variable Names:
- Start with a lowercase letter.
- Use nouns or noun phrases.
- If the name contains multiple words, use CamelCase.
int myVariable;
Constant Names:
- Use uppercase letters and underscores for constant names.
- Separate words with underscores.
final int MAX_SIZE = 100;
Enum Types:
- Enum types should be in uppercase.
- Enum constants should be in uppercase.
enum Day {
MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY
}
Parameter Names:
- Follow the same conventions as variable names.
- Use meaningful names that reflect the parameter's purpose.
void processInput(int userInput) {
// Method body
}
Acronyms and Abbreviations:
Acronyms and abbreviations should be in uppercase if they are two characters long or in CamelCase if they are longer.
// Examples
URL myURL;
int xmlParser;
These conventions help create a uniform coding style across Java projects, making it easier for developers to collaborate and understand each other's code. While following these conventions is not mandatory, it is considered good practice within the Java community.
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