Searching and sorting arrays of primitive data types

 In Java, searching and sorting arrays of primitive data types can be done using the utility methods provided by the `Arrays` class. Here's an overview of how to perform these operations:

Sorting Arrays:

1. Using `Arrays.sort()`: This method sorts arrays of primitive types in ascending order. For example:

    int[] numbers = {5, 2, 8, 1, 3};

    Arrays.sort(numbers);

2. Custom Sorting: For sorting in descending order or based on custom criteria, you can use `Comparator.reverseOrder()` or implement your `Comparator`. For example:

    Integer[] numbers = {5, 2, 8, 1, 3};

    Arrays.sort(numbers, Comparator.reverseOrder());

Searching Arrays:

1. Using `Arrays.binarySearch()`: This method performs a binary search on sorted arrays. It returns the index of the searched element if found; otherwise, it returns a negative value. The array must be sorted before calling this method. For example:

    int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8};

    int index = Arrays.binarySearch(numbers, 5);

2. Custom Searching: If the array is not sorted, or you need to perform a custom search, you can implement your search algorithm.

Here's a complete example demonstrating both sorting and searching:

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Comparator;

public class ArraySearchAndSort {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Sorting

        int[] numbers = {5, 2, 8, 1, 3};

        Arrays.sort(numbers);

        System.out.println("Sorted array: " + Arrays.toString(numbers));

        // Custom Sorting (Descending)

        Integer[] numbersDesc = {5, 2, 8, 1, 3};

        Arrays.sort(numbersDesc, Comparator.reverseOrder());

        System.out.println("Sorted array (descending): " + Arrays.toString(numbersDesc));

        // Searching

        int[] sortedNumbers = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8};

        int index = Arrays.binarySearch(sortedNumbers, 5);

        System.out.println("Index of 5: " + index);

    }

}

Output:

Sorted array: [1, 2, 3, 5, 8]

Sorted array (descending): [8, 5, 3, 2, 1]

Index of 5: 3

These methods provide efficient ways to search and sort arrays of primitive data types in Java.