Understanding Programming Methodologies: A Comprehensive Guide Introduction Programming methodologies define structured approaches to writing code, improving efficiency, maintainability, and scalability. Different methodologies provide distinct ways of thinking about problem-solving, organizing logic, and structuring applications. This blog explores various programming methodologies, their advantages, drawbacks, applications, and best use cases. 1. Procedural Programming Procedural programming follows a step-by-step approach where code is structured as procedures or functions. Characteristics: Based on the concept of procedure calls. Follows a linear, top-down execution model. Uses variables, loops, and control structures. Languages: C, Pascal, Fortran Sample Code (C): #include <stdio.h> void greet() { printf("Hello, World!\n"); } int main() { greet(); return 0; } Applications: Embedded systems (e.g., firmware, microcontrollers) Operating systems (e.g., Li...
Here are some notes on scanning and formatting in Java I/O with examples:
1. Scanning (Input):
- Scanning involves reading input from different sources like the keyboard, files, or network connections.
- Java provides the `Scanner` class in the `java.util` package to facilitate scanning.
Example:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ScannerExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("Hello, " + name + "!");
scanner.close();
}
}
2. Formatting (Output):
- Formatting is the process of presenting data in a specific way, such as aligning text, setting precision for floating-point numbers, etc.
- The `System.out.printf()` method is commonly used for formatted output in Java I/O.
Example:
public class FormattingExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double price = 19.99;
int quantity = 5;
System.out.printf("Total cost: $%.2f%n", price * quantity);
}
}
Explanation:
- In the `printf()` method, `%f` is a format specifier for floating-point numbers, and `.2` specifies two decimal places.
- `%n` is a platform-independent newline character.
These examples demonstrate basic usage of scanning for input and formatting for output in Java I/O. They can be expanded upon to suit various input and output requirements in Java programs.
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