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Socket (TCP & UDP) communication in Java

Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**:    - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port.    - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client.    - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer {     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {         ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);         System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");         Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();   ...
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Creating Files and Directories

File I/O Classes: Creating Files and Directories

1. File Class:

   - Represents a file or directory path.

   - Provides methods for creating new files and directories.


   File file = new File("newFile.txt");

   try {

       if (file.createNewFile()) {

           System.out.println("File created: " + file.getName());

       } else {

           System.out.println("File already exists.");

       }

   } catch (IOException e) {

       System.out.println("An error occurred.");

       e.printStackTrace();

   }



2. mkdir() Method:

   - Creates a directory.



   File directory = new File("newDirectory");

   if (directory.mkdir()) {

       System.out.println("Directory created: " + directory.getName());

   } else {

       System.out.println("Directory already exists.");

   }



3. mkdirs() Method:

   - Creates a directory and its parent directories if they do not exist.


   File directories = new File("newDirectories/childDirectory");

   if (directories.mkdirs()) {

       System.out.println("Directories created: " + directories.getName());

   } else {

       System.out.println("Directories already exist.");

   }



4. Path Class (Java NIO):

   - Provides methods for manipulating file paths.

   - Can create files and directories using Files class.



   Path path = Paths.get("newFile.txt");

   try {

       Files.createFile(path);

       System.out.println("File created: " + path.getFileName());

   } catch (IOException e) {

       System.out.println("An error occurred.");

       e.printStackTrace();

   }



5. Files Class (Java NIO):

   - Provides methods for file operations.

   - Can create directories and files.


   Path directoryPath = Paths.get("newDirectory");

   try {

       Files.createDirectory(directoryPath);

       System.out.println("Directory created: " + directoryPath.getFileName());

   } catch (IOException e) {

       System.out.println("An error occurred.");

       e.printStackTrace();

   }


These examples illustrate different ways to create files and directories in Java using various file I/O classes and methods.

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