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Socket (TCP & UDP) communication in Java

Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**:    - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port.    - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client.    - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer {     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {         ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);         System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");         Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();   ...
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this keyword

 In Java, the "this" keyword is a reference variable that refers to the current object. It is used within the instance methods of a class to refer to the current instance of the class. The primary purposes of the "this" keyword are:


1. Distinguishing Instance Variables: When an instance method has parameters or local variables with the same names as instance variables, using "this" helps to differentiate between the instance variables and local variables. For example:

    public class MyClass {

        // Instance variable

        private int myValue;


        // Constructor with a parameter

        public MyClass(int myValue) {

            // Using "this" to distinguish instance variable

            this.myValue = myValue;

        }


        // Method using "this" to access instance variable

        public void printValue() {

            System.out.println("Instance variable value: " + this.myValue);

        }

    }


    In the above example, "this.myValue" explicitly refers to the instance variable "myValue."


2. Invoking Current Object's Method: The "this" keyword is often used to invoke other methods of the current object. For example:

    public class MyClass {

        private int value;


        public void setValue(int value) {

            // Using "this" to invoke another method

            this.value = validateValue(value);

        }


        private int validateValue(int value) {

            // Some validation logic

            return value * 2;

        }

    }


    Here, "this.value" is used to call the private method `validateValue` within the same class.


3. Passing Current Object as a Parameter: The "this" keyword can be used to pass the current object as a parameter to other methods. For example:

    public class MyClass {

        private int value;


        public void setValue(int value) {

            // Passing current object using "this"

            HelperClass.processValue(this, value);

        }

    }


    class HelperClass {

        public static void processValue(MyClass obj, int value) {

            // Processing logic

            obj.value = value;

        }

    }


    In this case, the current object (`this`) is passed to the `HelperClass.processValue` method.


In summary, the "this" keyword in Java is a reference to the current object and is commonly used for disambiguating instance variables, invoking other methods of the current object, and passing the current object as a parameter to other methods.

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