Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**: - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port. - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client. - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345); System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client..."); Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); ...
The `try` block in Java is used to enclose the code that may throw an exception. It is followed by one or more `catch` blocks and an optional `finally` block. The `try` block allows you to handle exceptions gracefully by providing a mechanism to catch and handle any exceptions that occur during the execution of the enclosed code.
Syntax:
try {
// Code that may throw an exception
} catch (ExceptionType1 ex1) {
// Code to handle ExceptionType1
} catch (ExceptionType2 ex2) {
// Code to handle ExceptionType2
} finally {
// Cleanup code (optional)
}
Explanation:
- The `try` block encloses the code that you want to monitor for exceptions.
- If an exception occurs within the `try` block, the control is transferred to the appropriate `catch` block that matches the type of the thrown exception.
- You can have multiple `catch` blocks to handle different types of exceptions.
- The `finally` block, if present, is executed regardless of whether an exception occurred or not. It is commonly used for cleanup tasks such as closing resources.
Example:
public class TryBlockExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int result = 10 / 0; // This will throw ArithmeticException
System.out.println("Result: " + result); // This line will not be executed
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("An arithmetic exception occurred: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
System.out.println("Finally block executed.");
}
}
}
In this example, the `try` block attempts to perform division by zero, which throws an `ArithmeticException`. The control is then transferred to the `catch` block, where the exception is caught and handled. Finally, the `finally` block is executed to perform any necessary cleanup tasks.
Analogy:
Think of the `try` block as attempting to navigate through a treacherous path. If you encounter any obstacles or pitfalls (exceptions), you use the `catch` block to overcome them. And regardless of the outcome, the `finally` block ensures that you tidy up and continue your journey.
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