Operators in Java

Operators in Java are symbols that perform operations on variables or values. Java provides a wide range of operators, categorized into several types based on their functionality.

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used for mathematical operations.

• + (Addition): Adds two operands.
• - (Subtraction): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand.
• * (Multiplication): Multiplies two operands.
• / (Division): Divides the left operand by the right operand.
• % (Modulus): Returns the remainder of the division.

int a = 10, b = 4;

• int sum = a + b;    // 14
• int difference = a - b; // 6
• int product = a * b; // 40
• int quotient = a / b; // 2
• int remainder = a % b; // 2

2. Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to establish relationships between values.

• == (Equal to)
• != (Not equal to)
• > (Greater than)
• < (Less than)
• >= (Greater than or equal to)
• <= (Less than or equal to)

int x = 5, y = 10;

• boolean isEqual = x == y;     // false
• boolean isNotEqual = x != y;  // true
• boolean isGreaterThan = x > y; // false

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used for logical operations.

• && (Logical AND)
• || (Logical OR)
• ! (Logical NOT)

boolean condition1 = true, condition2 = false;

• boolean andResult = condition1 && condition2; // false
• boolean orResult = condition1 || condition2;  // true
• boolean notResult = !condition1;               // false

4. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

• = (Assignment): Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.
• +=, -=, *=, /=, %= (Compound Assignment): Performs the operation and assigns the result to the left operand.

int num = 5;

• num += 3; // num = num + 3;  // 8
• num -= 2; // num = num - 2;  // 6
• num *= 4; // num = num * 4;  // 24
• num /= 3; // num = num / 3;  // 8
• num %= 5; // num = num % 5;  // 3

5. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators perform operations at the bit level.

• & (Bitwise AND)
• | (Bitwise OR)
• ^ (Bitwise XOR)
• ~ (Bitwise NOT)
• << (Left shift)
• >> (Right shift)

int p = 5, q = 3;

• int bitwiseAnd = p & q;   // 1
• int bitwiseOr = p | q;    // 7
• int bitwiseXor = p ^ q;   // 6
• int bitwiseNot = ~p;      // -6
• int leftShift = p << 1;   // 10
• int rightShift = p >> 1;  // 2

These are some of the essential Java operators. Understanding their usage is fundamental for writing effective and efficient Java programs.