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Socket (TCP & UDP) communication in Java

Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**:    - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port.    - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client.    - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer {     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {         ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);         System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");         Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();   ...
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Operators in Java

Operators in Java are symbols that perform operations on variables or values. Java provides a wide range of operators, categorized into several types based on their functionality.

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used for mathematical operations.

  • + (Addition): Adds two operands.
  • - (Subtraction): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand.
  • * (Multiplication): Multiplies two operands.
  • / (Division): Divides the left operand by the right operand.
  • % (Modulus): Returns the remainder of the division.

int a = 10, b = 4;
  • int sum = a + b;    // 14
  • int difference = a - b; // 6
  • int product = a * b; // 40
  • int quotient = a / b; // 2
  • int remainder = a % b; // 2

2. Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to establish relationships between values.

  • == (Equal to)
  • != (Not equal to)
  • > (Greater than)
  • < (Less than)
  • >= (Greater than or equal to)
  • <= (Less than or equal to)


int x = 5, y = 10;

  • boolean isEqual = x == y;     // false
  • boolean isNotEqual = x != y;  // true
  • boolean isGreaterThan = x > y; // false

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used for logical operations.

  • && (Logical AND)
  • || (Logical OR)
  • ! (Logical NOT)


boolean condition1 = true, condition2 = false;

  • boolean andResult = condition1 && condition2; // false
  • boolean orResult = condition1 || condition2;  // true
  • boolean notResult = !condition1;               // false

4. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

  • = (Assignment): Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.
  • +=, -=, *=, /=, %= (Compound Assignment): Performs the operation and assigns the result to the left operand.


int num = 5;

  • num += 3; // num = num + 3;  // 8
  • num -= 2; // num = num - 2;  // 6
  • num *= 4; // num = num * 4;  // 24
  • num /= 3; // num = num / 3;  // 8
  • num %= 5; // num = num % 5;  // 3

5. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators perform operations at the bit level.

  • & (Bitwise AND)
  • | (Bitwise OR)
  • ^ (Bitwise XOR)
  • ~ (Bitwise NOT)
  • << (Left shift)
  • >> (Right shift)


int p = 5, q = 3;

  • int bitwiseAnd = p & q;   // 1
  • int bitwiseOr = p | q;    // 7
  • int bitwiseXor = p ^ q;   // 6
  • int bitwiseNot = ~p;      // -6
  • int leftShift = p << 1;   // 10
  • int rightShift = p >> 1;  // 2

These are some of the essential Java operators. Understanding their usage is fundamental for writing effective and efficient Java programs.

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