Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**: - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port. - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client. - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345); System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client..."); Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); ...
Java Expressions
In Java, an expression is a combination of variables, operators, and method invocations that evaluates to a single value. Expressions can be as simple as a single variable or a more complex combination of operations. Understanding expressions is fundamental to programming in Java.
Types of Expressions:
1. Arithmetic Expressions
Arithmetic expressions involve numerical operations.
int a = 5, b = 3;
- int sum = a + b; // Addition
- int difference = a - b; // Subtraction
- int product = a * b; // Multiplication
- int quotient = a / b; // Division
- int remainder = a % b; // Modulus
2. Relational Expressions
Relational expressions compare values and result in a boolean value.
int x = 10, y = 20;
- boolean isEqual = x == y; // Equal to
- boolean isNotEqual = x != y; // Not equal to
- boolean isGreaterThan = x > y; // Greater than
3. Logical Expressions
Logical expressions involve boolean operators.
boolean condition1 = true, condition2 = false;
- boolean andResult = condition1 && condition2; // Logical AND
- boolean orResult = condition1 || condition2; // Logical OR
- boolean notResult = !condition1; // Logical NOT
4. Assignment Expressions
Assignment expressions assign values to variables.
int num = 5;
- num += 3; // Compound assignment (num = num + 3)
5. Conditional (Ternary) Expressions
Conditional expressions provide a compact way of writing if-else statements.
int a = 10, b = 5;
- int max = (a > b) ? a : b; // If a is greater than b, assign a; otherwise, assign b.
6. Bitwise Expressions
Bitwise expressions operate on individual bits of integer values.
int p = 5, q = 3;
- int bitwiseAnd = p & q; // Bitwise AND
- int bitwiseOr = p | q; // Bitwise OR
- int bitwiseXor = p ^ q; // Bitwise XOR
- int bitwiseComplement=~p; //Bitwise 1's Complement
7. Method Call Expressions
Method call expressions involve invoking methods.
String greeting = "Hello, ";
String name = "John";
- String message = greeting.concat(name); // Method invocation
8. Object Creation Expressions
Object creation expressions create instances of classes.
Date currentDate = new Date(); // Creating a new Date object
9. Array Creation Expressions
Array creation expressions create arrays.
- int[] numbers = new int[5]; // Creating an integer array of size 5
These are just a few examples of the diverse types of expressions in Java. Expressions form the core of Java programs, allowing developers to manipulate data, make decisions, and control the flow of their applications. Understanding how to construct and use expressions is crucial for effective Java programming.
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