Skip to main content

Socket (TCP & UDP) communication in Java

Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**:    - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port.    - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client.    - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer {     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {         ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);         System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");         Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();   ...
Post a Comment

Data Types in Java

In Java, data types are used to specify the type of data that a variable can store. Java has two categories of data types: primitive data types and reference data types. Here's an overview:


Primitive Data Types:


1. Integer Types:

   - `byte`: 8-bit signed integer.

   - `short`: 16-bit signed integer.

   - `int`: 32-bit signed integer (most commonly used for integers).

   - `long`: 64-bit signed integer.



  •    byte b = 127;
  •    short s = 32767;
  •    int i = 2147483647;
  •    long l = 9223372036854775807L;  // Note: Long literals end with 'L' or 'l'.



2. Floating-Point Types:

   - `float`: 32-bit floating-point.

   - `double`: 64-bit floating-point (most commonly used for floating-point numbers).


  •    float f = 3.14f;   // Note: Float literals end with 'F' or 'f'.
  •    double d = 3.14159265359;



3. Character Type:

   - `char`: 16-bit Unicode character.

  •    char ch = 'A';


 4. Boolean Type:

   - `boolean`: Represents true or false.


  •    boolean flag = true;



Reference Data Types:


1. Object Types:

   - Java is an object-oriented language, and objects are instances of classes.

  •    String text = "Hello, Java!";



2. Array Types:

   - Arrays are collections of elements of the same type.


  •    int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};


3. User-Defined Types:

   - Classes and interfaces created by the user.



   class Person {

       String name;

       int age;

   }


   Person person = new Person();
   person.name = "John";
   person.age = 25;



Type Casting:


1. Implicit Casting:

   - Smaller data types can be implicitly cast to larger ones.


   int intValue = 10;

   long longValue = intValue;  // Implicit casting from int to long.


2. Explicit Casting:

   - Larger data types need explicit casting to smaller ones.


   double doubleValue = 3.14;

   int intValue = (int) doubleValue;  // Explicit casting from double to int.


Understanding and appropriately using data types is crucial for writing efficient and error-free Java programs. It helps in managing memory, ensuring data accuracy, and optimizing program performance.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Method Overloading in Java

Method Overloading in Java Method Overloading  is a feature in Java that allows a class to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameter lists. The methods can have a different number or types of parameters. The decision on which method to invoke is made by the compiler based on the arguments provided during the method call.  Example: public class Calculator {     // Method to add two integers     public int add(int a, int b) {         return a + b;     }     // Method to add three integers     public int add(int a, int b, int c) {         return a + b + c;     }     // Method to add two doubles     public double add(double a, double b) {         return a + b;     }     // Method to concatenate two strings     public String concatenate(String str1, String str2) {         ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Java Runtime Environment (JRE)

Definition : Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is a set of software tools and libraries that enables the execution of Java applications. It provides the necessary runtime support for Java programs to run on various devices and platforms. Components of Java Runtime Environment (JRE): Java Virtual Machine (JVM): Definition: The JVM is a crucial component of the JRE responsible for executing Java bytecode. Functionality: It interprets Java bytecode or, in some cases, uses Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation to translate bytecode into native machine code for improved performance. Importance: JVM abstracts the underlying hardware, allowing Java programs to be platform-independent. Class Libraries: Definition: JRE includes a set of precompiled classes and methods that Java applications can utilize. Functionality: These classes cover a wide range of functionalities, from basic data structures to networking. Importance: Class libraries provide a foundation for developers, offering reusable code ...
Post a Comment
Read more