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Socket (TCP & UDP) communication in Java

Socket communication in Java enables communication between two endpoints over a network. There are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets and UDP sockets. Let's explain both types with examples: TCP Socket Communication: 1. **Server Side**:    - The server creates a `ServerSocket` object to listen for incoming connections on a specific port.    - When a client connects, the server accepts the connection and creates a `Socket` object to communicate with the client.    - The server reads from and writes to the socket's input and output streams to communicate with the client. import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class TCPServer {     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {         ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);         System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");         Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();         System.out.println("Client connected.");         BufferedReader in = new Bu
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Java Timeline

 Here's a timeline highlighting key milestones and releases in the history of Java:

  • 1991: James Gosling and his team at Sun Microsystems start the development of a new programming language, initially named "Oak."
  • 1995: Java 1.0 is officially released by Sun Microsystems. The language gains attention for its platform independence.
  • 1996: Java 1.1 introduces inner classes, JavaBeans, and JDBC (Java Database Connectivity).
  • 1997: Java 1.2 (Java 2) is released, introducing the Swing GUI toolkit, Collections Framework, and the "Java Naming and Directory Interface" (JNDI).
  • 1998: Java 1.3 introduces the HotSpot JVM (Java Virtual Machine) and the Java Naming Convention.
  • 2000: Java 1.4 includes improvements in performance, API enhancements, and the introduction of the assert keyword.
  • 2004: Java 5 (J2SE 5.0 or Java 1.5) is released, introducing major language enhancements such as generics, metadata annotations, and the enhanced for loop.
  • 2006: Java 6 (Java SE 6) is released with improvements in performance, scripting support through the inclusion of the Java Compiler API, and enhancements to the Java Virtual Machine.
  • 2009: Java 7 introduces features like the try-with-resources statement, diamond operator for type inference, and the Fork/Join framework for parallel programming.
  • 2010: Oracle Corporation acquires Sun Microsystems, becoming the steward of Java.
  • 2011: Java 7's first update adds support for the Mac OS X platform. Java SE 7 updates continue to be released with bug fixes and improvements.
  • 2014: Java 8 is a landmark release, introducing lambdas, the Stream API for functional programming, and the java.time package for date and time manipulation.
  • 2017: Java 9 is released, featuring the modular system (Project Jigsaw), the JShell REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop), and other enhancements.
  • 2018: Java 10 is a smaller release with features like local-variable type inference and improvements in the Garbage Collection.
  • 2018: Java 11 is a Long-Term Support (LTS) release, providing long-term support for enterprises. It introduces the removal of Java EE and CORBA modules.
  • 2019: Java 12 and Java 13 are released with features like Switch Expressions (Java 12) and Text Blocks (Java 13).
  • 2020: Java 14 introduces features like Pattern Matching for instanceof, Records, and the continued preview of Switch Expressions.
  • 2021: Java 16 is released with features such as JEP 356 (Enhanced Pseudo-Random Number Generators), JEP 382 (New macOS Rendering Pipeline), and JEP 369 (Migrate to GitHub).
  • 2021: Java 17 (LTS) is released
  • 2022: Java 18 is released
  • 2022: Java 19 is released
  • 2023: Java 20 is released
  • 2023: Java 21 (LTS) is released
  • 2024: Subsequent releases continue to bring new features, enhancements, and updates to the Java platform.

It's important to note that the information provided here covers major releases, and Java frequently receives updates and maintenance releases for each version. Additionally, the adoption of a new Java version can vary among developers and organizations due to factors such as compatibility and long-term support considerations.

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